rules: model of huamn cognition short term memoy long term memory experts and experts because tof the "pwoer" patterns they have laboruiously leanred and added to their long term memory (100,000+ patterns) novices are novices because they clog short term memory (which is really tiny, say 7+- 2) with irrelevant goals (and experts dodge that since thei LTM patters tell them what is relevant using their magic feature extractors) feature extrators biases telescopes on the world only see what is important e.g. chess boards decades of work in mapping this cognitive sphycoholoy insght into AI programs utilmately, other methods worked better on computers e.g. stochastic search but very useful tool for structuring a domain maintenace adavnatneces (subbospedly) engineering advantages (uniformity) rules are rules feature extractors are rules that run before the other rules conflict resolution operators are rules that select which rules to fire scale up computational problems match-select-act: 80% of the time in match global search through all possible assertions : slow maintenance probelms XXX what was XCON XXX why was XCON important - the AI bubble R1: KE scucess of the early 1980s became the maintenance nightmare of the mid-1980s. What works for 400 rules does not work for 8000 At its peak, DEC was claiming it saved the, $20M/year but if any of XCON's 20 deveveloper's left, ouch! solving the computational problem throw away rules go to simpler represntations e.g. state machines (used in gaming, next lecture) the rete netowrk (see OPS5, ART, JESS) XXX http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Rete.JPG/800px-Rete.JPG divide and conqueor divide global rule space into rule groups which actually leads into the maintaince problem solving the maintenace problems divide how1: using domain knowledge e.g. frames for the big picture frame slots have rules Q: what frames to use A: domain knowledge how2: using background knowledge of problem solving types (Clancey, then KADS) how3: using background knowledge of RBS TAQL patch in context never re-organize, patch in context of last error people make it up as they go along, why not machines? who won? problem solving types? not so much that all went away patch in context